Permethrin
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Abdel-Rahman A, Shetty AK, Abou-Donia MB (2002)
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Caroloina 277109, USA.
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier and neuronal cell death in cingulate cortex, dentate gyrus, thalamus, and hypothalamus in a rat model of Gulf-War syndrome.
Neurobiol Dis. 2002 Aug;10(3):306-26.

Abdel-Rahman A, Abou-Donia S, El-Masry E, Shetty A, Abou-Donia M. (2004)
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Stress and combined exposure to low doses of pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin produce neurochemical and neuropathological alterations in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2004 Jan 23;67(2):163-92.

Abdel-Rahman A, Dechkovskaia AM, Goldstein LB, Bullman SH, Khan W, El-Masry EM, Abou-Donia MB. (2004)
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Neurological deficits induced by malathion, DEET, and permethrin, alone or in combination in adult rats.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2004 Feb 27;67(4):331-56.

Abou-Donia MB, Wilmarth KR, Jensen KF, Oehme FW, Kurt TL. (1996)
Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. donia@acpub.duke.edu
Neurotoxicity resulting from coexposure to pyridostigmine bromide, deet, and permethrin: implications of Gulf War chemical exposures.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 May;48(1):35-56.

Abu-Qare AW, Suliman HB, Abou-Donia MB. (2001)
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Induction of urinary excretion of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative stress, following administration of pyridostigmine bromide, DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and permethrin, alone and in combination in rats.
Toxicol Lett. 2001 Apr 30;121(2):127-34.

Abu-Qare AW, Abou-Donia MB. (2001)
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) alone and in combination with permethrin increased urinary excretion of 6beta-hydroxycortisol in rats, a marker of hepatic CYP3A induction.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2001 Nov 9;64(5):373-84.

Abu-Qare AW, Abou-Donia MB. (2001)
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Combined exposure to DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and permethrin-induced release of rat brain mitochondrial cytochrome c.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2001 Jun 22;63(4):243-52.

Abu-Qare AW, Abou-Donia MB. (2003)
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Combined exposure to DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and permethrin: pharmacokinetics and toxicological effects.
J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2003 Jan-Feb;6(1):41-53.

Al-Rahji, D.H. (1990)
Properties of Ca2+ + Mg2+- ATPase from rat brain and its inhibition by pyrethroids.
Pest. Biochem. Physiol. 1990 37:116-120.

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Barrueco, C. et al. (1992)
Cytogenetic effects of permethrin in cultured lymphocytes.
Mutag. 1992 7:433-437

Barrueco, C. et al. (1994)
Induction of structural chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocyte cultures and CHO cells by permethrin.
Terat. Carcin. Mutag. 1994 14:31-38

Blaylock, R.L. et al. (1995)
Suppression of cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice following oral exposure to permethrin. Bull.
Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1995 54:768-774.

Bloomquist JR, Barlow RL, Gillette JS, Li W, Kirby ML. (2002)
Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0319, USA. jbquist@vt.edu
Selective effects of insecticides on nigrostriatal dopaminergic nerve pathways.
Neurotoxicology. 2002 Oct;23(4-5):537-44.

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Cantalamessa, F. (1993)
Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, permethrin and cypermethrin, in neonatal and adult rats.
Arch. Toxicol. 1993 67:510-513.

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Eil C. and B.C. Nisula. (1990)
The binding properties of pyrethroids to human skin fibroblast androgen receptors and to sex hormone binding globulin.
J. Steroid Biochem. 1990 35:409-414

El-Touky, M.A. (1989)
In vivo studies of the effect of some insecticides on the hepatic activities of L-tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase and pyridoxal phosphokinase of male mice.
J. Environ. Sci. Health 1989 B24(3):265-276.

Elwan MA, Richardson JR, Guillot TS, Caudle WM, Miller GW. (2005)
Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Pyrethroid pesticide-induced alterations in dopamine transporter function.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2006 Mar 15;211(3):188-97. Epub 2005 Jul 11

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Farag AT, Goda NF, Mansee AH, Shaaban NA. (2006)
Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. aminafarag2002@yahoo.com
Effects of permethrin given before mating on the behavior of F1-generation in mice.
Neurotoxicology. 2006 May;27(3):421-8. Epub 2006 Jan 19.

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Gassner B. et al. (1997)
The pyrethroids permethrin and cyhalothrin are potent inhibitors of the mitochondrial complex I.
J. Pharmacol. Exper. Therap.1997 281:855-860.

Gillette JS, Bloomquist JR. (2003)
Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0319, USA.
Differential up-regulation of striatal dopamine transporter and alpha-synuclein by the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Nov 1;192(3):287-93.

Greenlee AR, Ellis TM, Berg RL. (2004)
Reproductive Toxicology Laboratory, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA. greenlee.anne@mcrf.mfldclin.edu
Low-dose agrochemicals and lawn-care pesticides induce developmental toxicity in murine preimplantation embryos.
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 May;112(6):703-9

Grosman N, Diel F. (2005)
Department of Pharmacology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. fing@farmakol.ku.dk
Influence of pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide on the Ca(2+)-ATPase activity of rat brain synaptosomes and leukocyte membranes.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2005 Feb;5(2):263-70.

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Hoy JB, Cornell JA, Karlix JL, Schmidt CJ, Tebbett IR, van Haaren F. (2002)
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
Interactions of pyridostigmine bromide, DEET and permethrin alter locomotor behavior of rats.
Vet Hum Toxicol. 2000 Apr;42(2):65-71.

Hoy JB, Cornell JA, Karlix JL, Tebbett IR, van Haaren F. (2000)
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
Repeated coadministrations of pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin alter locomotor behavior of rats.
Vet Hum Toxicol. 2000 Apr;42(2):72-6.

Hudson PM, Tilson HA, Chen PH, Hong JS. (1989)
Neurobehavioral effects of permethrin are associated with alterations in regional levels of biogenic amine metabolites and amino acid neurotransmitters.
Neurotoxicology. 1986 Spring;7(1):143-53.

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Imamura L, Hasegawa H, Kurashina K, Matsuno T, Tsuda M. (2002)
Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Shibuya 3-13-11, Tokyo 150-0002, Japan.
Neonatal exposure of newborn mice to pyrethroid (permethrin) represses activity-dependent c-fos mRNA expression in cerebellum.
Arch Toxicol. 2002 Jul;76(7):392-7. Epub 2002 May 29.

Institóris L, Siroki O, Undeger U, Basaran N, Dési I. (2001)
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 10, Hungary. ist@puhe.szote.u-szeged.hu
Immunotoxicological investigation of subacute combined exposure by permethrin and the heavy metals arsenic(III) and mercury(II) in rats.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2001 May;1(5):925-33.

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Ji ZY, Shi N, Wang SQ, Dong J, Chen MS. (2003)
Department of Environmental Toxicology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
[Effects of pyrethroids on the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid transferase in rat brain] [Article in Chinese]
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2003 Jun;21(3):197-9.

International Programme on Chemical Safety. (1989)
Permethrin health and safety guide. Health and Safety Guide No. 33. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, United Nations Environment Programme, and International Labor Organization.

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Kakko I, Toimela T, Tähti H. (2003)
Medical School, 33014 University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. irma.kakko@uta.fi
The synaptosomal membrane bound ATPase as a target for the neurotoxic effects of pyrethroids, permethrin and cypermethrin.
Chemosphere. 2003 May;51(6):475-80.

Kakko I, Toimela T, Tähti H. (2004)
Cell Research Centre, Medical School, University of Tampere, Finland. irma.kakko@uta.fi
Oestradiol potentiates the effects of certain pyrethroid compounds in the MCF7 human breast carcinoma cell line.
Altern Lab Anim. 2004 Oct;32(4):383-90.

Karen DJ, Li W, Harp PR, Gillette JS, Bloomquist JR. (2001)
Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, USA.
Striatal dopaminergic pathways as a target for the insecticides permethrin and chlorpyrifos.
Neurotoxicology. 2001 Dec;22(6):811-7.

Kasat K, Go V, Pogo BG. (2002)
Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Effects of pyrethroid insecticides and estrogen on WNT10B proto-oncogene expression.
Environ Int. 2002 Nov;28(5):429-32.

Kim SS, Lee RD, Lim KJ, Kwack SJ, Rhee GS, Seok JH, Lee GS, An BS, Jeung EB, Park KL. (2005)
National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. sskeem@kfda.go.kr
Potential estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects of permethrin in rats.
J Reprod Dev. 2005 Apr;51(2):201-10. Epub 2004 Dec 15

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McCarthy AR, Thomson BM, Shaw IC, Abell AD. (2006)
Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Estrogenicity of pyrethroid insecticide metabolites.
J Environ Monit. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 2006 Jan;8(1):197-202. Epub 2005 Dec 14

McDaniel, K.L. and V.C. Moser. (1993)
Utility of a neurobehavioral screening battery for differentiating the effects of two pyrethroids, permethrin and cypermethrin.
Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 1993 15:71-83

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Olgun S, Gogal RM Jr, Adeshina F, Choudhury H, Misra HP. (2004)
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Pesticide mixtures potentiate the toxicity in murine thymocytes.
Toxicology. 2004 Mar 15;196(3):181-95.

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Pall, H.S. et al. (1987)
Motorneurone disease as manifestation of pesticide toxicity.
The Lancet 1987 (Sept. 19): 685.

Peele, D.B. and K.M. Crofton. (1987)
Pyrethroid effects on schedule-controlled behavior: Time and dosage relationships.
Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 1987 9:387-394.

Pittman JT, Dodd CA, Klein BG. (2003)
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
Immunohistochemical changes in the mouse striatum induced by the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin.
Int J Toxicol. 2003 Sep-Oct;22(5):359-70.

Plapp Jr FW (1999)
Permethrin and the Gulf War Syndrome
Archives of Environmental Health, 1999, Vol 54, No 5, 312.

Prater MR, Gogal RM Jr, Blaylock BL, Longstreth J, Holladay SD. (2002)
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0442, USA. mrprater@vt.edu
Single-dose topical exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide, permethrin in C57BL/6N mice: effects on thymus and spleen.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2002 Dec;40(12):1863-73.

Prater MR, Gogal RM Jr, Blaylock BL, Holladay SD. (2003)
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0442, USA. mrprater@vt.edu
Cis-urocanic acid increases immunotoxicity and lethality of dermally administered permethrin in C57BL/6N mice.
Int J Toxicol. 2003 Jan-Feb;22(1):35-42.

Prater MR, Blaylock BL, Holladay SD. (2005)
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 2265 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA. mrprater@vt.edu
Combined dermal exposure to permethrin and cis-urocanic acid suppresses the contact hypersensitivity response in C57BL/6N mice in an additive manner.
J Photochem Photobiol B. 2005 Jan 14;78(1):29-34.

Punareewattana K, Smith BJ, Blaylock BL, Longstreth J, Snodgrass HL, Gogal RM Jr, Prater RM, Holladay SD. (2001)
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0442, USA.
Topical permethrin exposure inhibits antibody production and macrophage function in C57Bl/6N mice.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2001 Feb;39(2):133-9

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Ramadan, A.A. et al. (1988)
Actions of pyrethroids on the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor.
Pest. Biochem. Physiol. 1988 32:106-113.

Ramadan, A,A, et al. (1988)
Action of pyrethroids on GABAA receptor function.
Pest. Biochem. Physiol. 1988 32:97-105.

Rao, G.V. and K.S.J. Rao. (1993)
Inhibition of monoamine oxidase-A of rat brain by pyrethroids - an in vitro kinetic study.
Mol. Cell. Biochem. 1993 124:107-114.

Rao, G.V. and K.S.J. Rao. (1995)
Modulation of acetylcholinesterase of rat brain by pyrethroids in vivo and an in vitro kinetic study.
J. Neurochem. 1995 65:2259-2266.

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Spencer, F. and Z. Berhane. (1982)
Uterine and fetal characteristics in rats following a postimplantational exposure to permethrin.
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1982 29:84-88.

Stelzer, K.J. and M.A. Gordon. (1984)
Effects of pyrethroids on lymphocyte mitogenic responsiveness.
Res. Comm. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 1984 46(1):137-150.

Sun H, Xu X, Xu L, Song L, Hong X, Chen J, Cui L and Wang X (2007)
Antiandrogenic activity of pyrethroid pesticides and their metabolite in reporter gene assay
Chemosphere, 2007, Vol 66, No 3, 474-479pp.

Surrallés, J. et al. (1995)
The suitability of the micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes as a new biomarker of excision repair.
Mut. Res. 1995 342:43-59.

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Tateno, C. et al. (1993)
Effects of pyrethroid insecticides on gap junctional intercellular communications in Balb/c3T3 cells by dye transfer assay.
Cell Biol. Toxicol. 1993 9:215-222.

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Undeger U, Basaran N. (2005)
Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey. uundeger@hacettepe.edu.tr
Effects of pesticides on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro: induction of DNA damage.
Arch Toxicol. 2005 Mar;79(3):169-76. Epub 2004 Nov 3.

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Health Effects Division. 1997. Tox oneliners: Permethrin. Washington D.C., June 24.

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Office of Pesticide Programs list of chemicals evaluated for carcinogenic potential. Memo from W.L. Burnam, Health Effects Division, to Health Effects Division branch chiefs, et al. Washington, D.C., Feb. 19.

Usmani KA, Cho TM, Rose RL, Hodgson E. (2006)
Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, USA.
Inhibition of the human liver microsomal and human cytochrome P450 1A2 and 3A4 metabolism of estradiol by deployment-related and other chemicals.
Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Sep;34(9):1606-14. Epub 2006 Jun 21

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Vaccari A, Ruiu S, Mocci I, Saba P. Bernard B. Brodie (1998)
Department of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy.
Selected pyrethroid insecticides stimulate glutamate uptake in brain synaptic vesicles.
Neuroreport. 1998 Oct 26;9(15):3519-23.

Vijverberg, H.P.M. and J. van den Bercken (1990)
Neurotoxicological effects and the mode of action of synthetic pyrethroids.
Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 1990 21:105-126.

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Wang S, Shi N, Ji Z, Pinna G. (2003)
Department of Environmental Toxicology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
[Effects of pyrethroids on the concentrations of thyroid hormones in the rat serum and brain] [Article in Chinese]
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2002 Jun;20(3):173-6.

Wu J, Xia R, Shi N, Liu Y. (1999)
Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan 430030, China. jpwu@dns.njmu.edu.cn
[Effects of pyrethroids on the glutamate uptake system in synaptic vesicle of rats] [Article in Chinese]
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 1999 Sep 30;28(5):261-2.

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Zhang SY, Ito Y, Yamanoshita O, Yanagiba Y, Kobayashi M, Taya K, Li C, Okamura A, Miyata M, Ueyama J, Lee CH, Kamijima M, Nakajima T. (2007)
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
Leydig cells Permethrin may disrupt testosterone biosynthesis via mitochondrial membrane damage of in adult male mouse.
Endocrinology. 2007 Aug;148(8):3941-9. Epub 2007 Apr 26.